Feb 6, 2020 — COVID-19 Strategic Preparedness and Response Plan 1 who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/srp-04022020.pdf
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© World Health Organization 2020 Some rights reserved. This work is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercialShareAlike 3.0 IGO licence (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO; https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/igo) Under the terms of this licence, you may copy, redistribute and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes, provided the work is appropriately cited, as indicated below. In any use of this work, there should be no suggestion that WHO endorses permitted. If you adapt the work, then you must license your work under the same or equivalent Creative Commons licence. If you create a translation of this work, you should add the following disclaimer along with the suggested citation: fiThis translation was not created by the World Health Organization (WHO). WHO is not responsible for the content or accuracy of this translation. The original English edition shall be the binding and authentic editionfl.Any mediation relating to disputes arising under the licence shall be conducted in accordance with the mediation rules of the World Intellectual Property Organization. The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of WHO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Dotted and dashed lines on maps represent approximate border lines for which of certain manufacturers™ products does not imply that they are endorsed or recommended by WHO in preference to others of a similar nature that are not mentioned. Errors and omissions excepted, the names of proprietary products are distinguished by initial capital letters. All reasonable precautions have been taken by WHO to verify the information contained in this publication. However, the published material is being distributed without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied. The responsibility for the interpretation and use of the material lies with the reader. In no event shall WHO be liable for damages arising from its use. Printed in Geneva, Switzerland.Cover photo: iStock.com/Hydromet
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1INTRODUCTION 02COVID-19 preparedness and response planning 02Purpose of the planning guidelines 03Next steps 03PILLARS 04Pillar 1: Country-level coordination, planning, and monitoring 04Pillar 2: Risk communication and community engagement 05Pillar 3: Surveillance, rapid response teams, and case investigation 06Pillar 4: Points of entry 07Pillar 5: National laboratories 08Pillar 6: Infection prevention and control 09Pillar 7: Case management 10Pillar 8: Operational support and logistics 11ANNEXES 12Annex 1: Key Performance Indicators 12Annex 2: Estimated resource requirement to prepare 14 for and respond to cluster of local transmission of up to 100 casesCONTENTS
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2On 30 January 2020, the Director-General of WHO declared the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID -19) outbreak a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC) under the International Health Regulations (IHR 2005), following advice from the IHR Emergency Committee. On 4 February 2020, the Director-General of WHO briefed the Secretary-General of the United Nations and requested the activation of the United Nations crisis management policy to establish a Crisis Management Team (CMT) to coordinate the UN system-wide scale up to assist countries prepare for and respond to COVID -19.INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION (UNDCO) hosted a call with WHO to brief all Resident Coordinators and UN Country Teams (UNCTs) to provide updates on the COVID-19 epidemiological situation and introduce the COVID -19 Strategic Preparedness and Response Plan (SPRP),1 emphasizing the importance of responding to the crisis as fiOne UN.fl The primary objective of the international response to the COVID-19 outbreak remains stopping the human-to-human is calling all partners to use this unique window of opportunity to act immediately to assist all countries to rapidly detect, diagnose, and prevent the further spread of the virus. This guidance document outlines the measures to be taken at country level to contain the virus, and will be updated with further guidance if the epidemiological situation changes.COVID-19 preparedness and response planningThe SPRP outlines the public health measures that need to be taken to support countries to prepare for and respond to COVID-19. It can be used to rapidly adapt National Action Preparedness Plans (PIPP) to COVID -19, taking what we have learned so far about the virus and translating that knowledge and international partners to support national governments. Based on an initial assessment of country risk and vulnerability, the SPRP estimates the resource requirements to support countries to prepare for and respond to COVID -19. In many cases, national governments will be well placed to implement these measures with minimal support. In other cases, partners may be best placed to implement measures where there is a gap in capacity, either on a national or subnational level, in support of national governments. A detailed gap and needs analysis will need to be conducted Preparedness and Response Plan (CPRP) and resource requirements in support of national governments. These CPRPs will need to be monitored using indicators based on those set out in the SPRP, and adapted as the situation evolves.It should be noted that the costs outlined in the SPRP cover public health measures taken in support of national preparedness and response and do not include the broader measures required to mitigate the social and economic consequences of COVID-19 or ensure business continuity of partner organizations. Plans to ensure the continuity of essential services and mitigate social and economic impacts will need to be developed in parallel to the scaling up of the public health preparedness and response measures. 1 https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/srp-04022020.pdf
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3Purpose of the planning guidelinesThe purpose of this document is to provide a practical guide for the UNCTs and partners to develop a CPRP to immediately support national governments to prepare for and respond to COVID -19. The initial CPRP should be developed for a 3-month period from 1 February to 30 April in alignment with the SPRP. Subsequent CPRPs will be developed based on the evolving situation and needs. This guide outlines the priority steps and actions to be included in the CPRP across the major areas of the public health preparedness and response: Country-level coordination, planning, and monitoring; Risk communication and community engagement;Surveillance, rapid-response teams, and case investigation;Points of entry;National laboratories;Infection prevention and control; Case management;Operations support and logistics.This guide does not supersede existing national guidance and plans. Rather, this guide should be used to rapidly adapt existing relevant national plans, including NAPHS and PIPPs, and focus the support of the international community. The UN and its partners will implement the adapted preparedness and response activities outlined in the CPRP to ensure that the best support possible is provided to national authorities guidance documents are available by topic from the WHO COVID-19 website.2 Next stepsUsing this guide, the immediate next steps for Resident Coordinators and UNCTs are: Appoint a COVID-19 lead within the UNCT to coordinate and oversee the development of the CPRP;Engage with national authorities and UNCT/Humanitarian Country Team (HCT) to identify appropriate coordination mechanism including health cluster /sector and key technical/operational partners at country level;Map existing preparedness and response capacity and identify key gaps based on the actions outlined in this document;Engage with national authorities and key technical/operational partners to assign roles and responsibilities to address key gaps to be addressed by the CPRP; Engage with local donors and existing programmes to mobilize resources and capacities to implement CPRP; 3Establish monitoring mechanisms based on key performance indicators in the SPRP, track progress, and review performance to adjust the CPRP as needed; Conduct regular operational reviews and adjust the CPRP as required. Also included as annexes to aid planning and monitoring are: Key performance indicators to monitor the implementation of the COVID-19 SPRP; Estimated resource requirements for a cluster of transmission of up to 100 cases, including the essential supplies, critical technical and operational support, as well as training and incentives for national workforces. 2 WHO Novel Coronavirus (COVID -19) technical guidance web page, https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019/technical-guidance 3 When local resources cannot be mobilized, UNCT members will be encouraged to send queries and requests for support to through their respective existing headquarters support channels. The CMT will coordinate requests for support between agencies, bringing these to the attention of the UN senior management for action. INTRODUCTION
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4PILLAR 1: COUNTRY -LEVEL COORDINATION, PLANNING, AND MONITORING Pillar 1: Country-level coordination, planning, and monitoring National public health emergency management mechanisms should be activated with engagement of relevant ministries such as health, education, travel and tourism, public works, environment, social protection, and agriculture, to provide coordinated management of COVID -19 preparedness and response. NAPHS and PIPPs, if available, should also be adapted to address COVID -19. StepActions to be taken1 Activate multi-sectoral, multi-partner coordination mechanisms to support preparedness and response requirements for COVID -19 preparedness and response, or preferably adapt, where available, an existing Conduct initial capacity assessment and risk analysis, including mapping of vulnerable populations 2 within a public health emergency operation centre (PHEOC) or equivalent if available Identify, train, and designate spokespeople Review regulatory requirements and legal basis of all potential public health measures Monitor implementation of CPRP based on key performance indicators in SPRP and produce regular situation report 3 Conduct regular operational reviews to assess implementation success and epidemiological situation, and adjust operational plans as necessary Conduct after action reviews in accordance with IHR (2005) as required and response activities iStock.com/Robert Wei PILLARS
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6PILLAR 3: SURVEILLANCE, RAPID -RESPONSE TEAMS, AND CASE INVESTIGATION Pillar 3: Surveillance, rapid response teams, and case investigation In countries with high-risk of imported cases or local transmission, surveillance objectives will focus on rapid in which sustained community transmission has been detected, objectives will expand to include monitoring features, and the assessment of impacts on healthcare services. In some countries, surveillance priorities and proportionate public health measures. StepActions to be taken1 2 Enhance existing surveillance systems to enable monitoring of COVID-19 transmission and adapt tools and protocols for contact tracing and monitoring to COVID-19 Undertake case-based reporting to WHO within 24 hours under IHR (2005) Train and equip rapid-response teams to investigate cases and clusters early in the outbreak, and conduct contact tracing within 24 hours 3 Provide robust and timely epidemiological and social science data analysis to continuously inform risk assessment and support operational decision making for the response inform future preparedness and response activities Produce weekly epidemiological and social science reports and disseminate to all levels and international partners iStock.com/izzetugutmen
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7PILLAR 4: POINTS OF ENTRY Pillar 4: Points of entry communication activities.StepActions to be taken1 Develop and implement a points of entry public health emergency plan2 to manage ill passenger(s) health facilities Communicate information about COVID-19 to travellers3 and response plans as appropriate iStock.com/olaser
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8PILLAR 5: NATIONAL LABORATORIES Pillar 5: National laboratoriesCountries should prepare laboratory capacity to manage large-scale testing for COVID -19 Š either domestically, or through arrangements with international reference laboratories. If COVID -19 testing capacity does not exist at national level, samples should be sent to a regional or international reference laboratory with appropriate capacity. In the event of widespread community transmission, surge plans should be activated to manage the increased volume of samples from suspected cases. WHO can provide support to access relevant reference laboratories, protocols, reagents, and supplies. StepActions to be taken1 Establish access to a designated international COVID -19 reference laboratory Adopt and disseminate standard operating procedures (as part of disease outbreak investigation protocols) for specimen collection, management, and transportation for COVID-19 diagnostic testing to mitigate risks 2 Ensure specimen collection, management, and referral network and procedures are functional Share genetic sequence data and virus materials according to established protocols for COVID -19 Develop and implement plans to link laboratory data with key epidemiological data for timely data analysis Develop and implement surge plans to manage increased demand for testing; consider conservation of lab resources in anticipation of potential widespread COVID -19 transmission3 laboratory plan and share lessons learned Develop a quality assurance mechanism for point-of-care testing, including quality indicators iStock.com/JGalione
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9PILLAR 6: INFECTION PREVENTION AND CONTROLPillar 6: Infection prevention and control Infection prevention and control (IPC) practices in communities and health facilities should be reviewed StepActions to be taken1 Assess IPC capacity at all levels of healthcare system, including public, private, traditional practices and pharmacies. Minimum Assess IPC capacity in public places and community spaces where risk of communtiy transmission is considered high measures and referral systems for public places such as schools, markets and public transport as well as community, household, and family practices Develop a national plan to manage PPE supply (stockpile, distribution) and to identify IPC surge capacity (numbers and competence)2 care-seeking patterns Record, report, and investigate all cases of healthcare-associated infections Disseminate IPC guidance for home and community care providers Implement triage, early detection, and infectious-source controls, administrative controls and engineering controls; implement visual alerts (educational material in appropriate language) for family members and patients to inform triage personnel of respiratory symptoms and to practice respiratory etiquette Support access to water and sanitation for health (WASH) services in public places and community spaces most at risk 3 Monitor IPC and WASH implementation in selected healthcare facilities and public spaces using the Infection Prevention and Control Assessment Framework, the Hand Hygiene Self-Assessment Framework, hand hygiene compliance observation tools, and the WASH Facilities Improvement Tool for supplies, human resources, training iStock.com/Mladen Zivkovic
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