Contents. Page Number. Preface. 1. Introduction. 3. Hajj is Worship. 4. Hajj is Obligatory. 4. The Virtues of Umrah and Hajj. 5. The Preparation for Hajj. 6.
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www.islambase.tk 1 . This book has been produced with the sole intention of seeking the pleasure of Allah (swt). It is hoped that it will provide a useful reference to those Muslims who intend to perform the pilgrimage to Makkah. It has been written in a style of easy reading to make it easier to memorise the topic. ISLAMBASE PUBLICATIONS TEAM Email: islambase@hotmail.comWeb: www.islambase.tk There is no copyright in Islam, feel free to distribute this book widely Edition: 1 Print: 2005
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www.islambase.tk 2Kitab ul Hajj Œ The Book of Pilgrimage to Makkah Contents Page Number Preface 1 Introduction 3 Hajj is Worship 4 Hajj is Obligatory 4 The Virtues of Umrah and Hajj 5 The Preparation for Hajj 6 The Pillars of Umrah and Hajj 8 The Conditions of the Pilgrim 8 Al Ihram Zone Mawaaqeet (Zones) Clothes Men™s Clothes Recommended acts before wearing the Ihram Women™s Clothes Women™s Covering Conditions in the ihram 9 9 9 9 9 10 10 10 1o How to Perform Hajj Tamattu Ihram in Hajj Tamattu 11 11 Al Umrah Entering Masjidul Haram Tawaf Al Qadoum Dua in Tawaf Makam Ibrahim Zamzam Water Sa™ee between Safaa and Marwah Key points in Sa™ee 11 11 11 12 12 13 13 13 Al Hajj 7th Dhul Hijjah 8th Dhul Hijjah 9th Dhul Hijjah Arafah Muzdalifah 10th Dhul Hijjah Stoning Slaughtering Shaving Head Tawaf ul Ifaadah Order of the acts 11th Dhul Hijjah 12th Dhul Hijjah Tawaf ul Wadaa™ 14 14 14 14 15 15 15 15 15 15 15 16 16 16 16 A Quick Guide to Hajj 17
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www.islambase.tk 3 KITAB-UL-HAJJ The Book of Pilgrimage INTRODUCTION The Hajj (Pilgrimage to Makkah) is one of the five pillars of Islam. Anybody declaring to be a Muslim must fulfil this ritual act, or at least have the intention to do so once in their lifetime. There are many evidences with regards to this obligation. Allah (swt) says in the Qur’an And Hajj (pilgrimage to Makkah) to the House (Ka’bah) is a duty that mankind owes to Allah, those who can afford the expenses [EMQ 3:97] And perform properly the Hajj and Umrah for Allah. [EMQ 2:196] And proclaim to mankind the Hajj (pilgrimage). They will come to you on foot and on every lean camel; they will come from every deep and distant (wide) mountain highway (to perform Hajj). [EMQ 22:27] The Messenger Muhammad (saw) said, » « fiAl-Islam is that you testify that there is none worthy of worship (in truth) but Allah and that Muhammad is the messenger of Allah, you establish the prayer, you pay the Zakah, you fast in Ramadan, and you perform pilgrimage to the House (of Allah) if you have the capability.fl [Muslim] » « Islam is built upon five; to testify that there is none worthy of worship (in truth) but Allah and that Muhammad is the messenger of Allah, and to establish the prayer, to pay Zakah, to make pilgrimage and fast in Ramadan. [Muslim]
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www.islambase.tk 4HAJJ IS WORSHIP In Arabic the word Ibaadah ( ) worship is a noun composed of all which pleases Allah (swt) whether the deeds are ones intentions (action of the heart), sayings (action of the tongue) or actions (bodily actions). Unfortunately Hajj is also one the ritual acts where many people involve themselves in shirkiyat (polytheism) and bidah (innovation), we have to be aware of these and avoid them. Imam Ali (ra) said: fiWhat a noise in hajj, but very few are performing hajjfl and that was in the time Ali (ra) where people are supposed to be closer to the wahi (revelation)! Today Muslims may perform Hajj according to their own interpretation; this is not allowed as the ritual act has a form which must be in accordance with what the Messenger (saw) brought us. There many evidences for this. » « The Messenger (saw) said fiTake (learn) yo ur ritual acts from mefl [Ahmed] » « The Messenger (saw) said fi”He who does an act which our matter [Islam] is not [in agreement] with will have it rejected.”fl[Muslim] We are ordered by Allah (swt) to follow the Messenger Muhammad (saw) Say: “If you (really) love Allah then follow me (t he Messenger (saw)), Allah will love you and forgive you of your sins. And Alla h is Oft-Forgiving, Most Merciful.” [EMQ 3:31] And whatsoever the Messenger (Muhammad SAW) gives you, take it, and whatsoever he forbids you, abstain (from it) [EMQ 59:7] Indeed in the Messenger of Allah (Muhammad SAW) you have a good example [EMQ 33:21] The Messenger (saw) specifically warned us from innovating in the deen. » « He (saw) said fiAnd the worst of all affairs are newly-invented matters and every innovation is a misguidance, and every misguidance is in th e fire of Hell.fl [Abu Dawud] [Tirmidhi] HAJJ IS OBLIGATORY It is obligatory on the Muslim who fulfils the condition s for going to Hajj, to perform it at least once in their lifetime. Abu Hurairah (ra) reported: A llah™s Messenger (saw) addressed us and said: » « fiO people, Allah has made Hajj obligatory for you; so perform hajj. » – – « Thereupon a person said: Messenger of Allah, (is it to be performed) every year? He (the Prophet) kept quiet, and he repeated (these words) thrice, whereu pon Allah™s Messenger (saw) said: If I were to say” Yes,” it would become obligatory (for you to perform it every year) and you would not be able to do it–fl [Muslim]
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www.islambase.tk 5 THE VIRTUES OF UMRAH AND HAJJ There are many virtues for the ones who perform Hajj or Umrah correctly. Some of them have been listed below: 1. It is one of the best deeds ( afdalul amaal ) Abu Hurairah reported: » « The Messenger of Allah was asked about the best of deeds. He (saw) said: Belief in Allah. He (the inquirer) said: What next? He (the Pr ophet) replied: Jihad (s truggle to the utmost) in the cause of Allah. He (the inquirer) again said: What next? He (the Prophet) replied: Ha jj Mabrour (an accepted pilgrimage) [Bukhari- Chapter of Hajj]. 2. The best supplication (khairud dua ) is on Arafah The Messenger (saw) said » « ] – [ fiThe best supplication is the supplication on the day of Arafah (i.e. on Arafah)fl [Tirmidhi Œ Chapter of Supplication] 3. It is an expiation ( kaffarah ) for sin Abu Hurairah (ra) reported Alla h™s Messenger (saw) as saying: » « fiAn Umrah is expiation for the sins committed between it and the next, and hajj which is accepted will receive no other reward than Paradise.fl [Muslim] 4. You will return like the day you were born (sinless) Narrated by Abu Hurairah: Allah’s Apostle said, “Whoever performs hajj to this House (Ka™bah) and does not approach his wife for sexual relations nor commits sins (while performing hajj), he will come out as sinless as a newly-born child.” [Bukhari] 5. The Hajj for the woman is Struggle ( Jihad ) » » « Narrated by ‘Aiesha (the mother of the faithful believers, who said: I asked the Messenger (saw) “Messenger of Allah is there jihad for women” The Prophet said, “Yes there is jihad upon them, there is no fighting involv ed in it, Hajj and Umrahfl [Ibn Majah] #3013 6. Its reward is Paradise (Jannah ) The Messenger (saw) said » « fiThe accepted hajj has no other rewa rd, except Paradise fl [Bukhari] #1773
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www.islambase.tk 75. Clear your debts (adyaan ) if you have any The one in debt must always have intention to pay back the creditor. The Messenger (saw) said: fiWhosoever takes money of the people and has the intention to give it back Allah (swt) will pay it back on his behalf, and whosoe ver takes it without the intention to pay it back, Allah (swt) will waste itfl [Sahih Muslim] You need to ensure all halal debts are paid back. This excludes, loans from the Bank, student loans, credit card bills and mortgages, all of which are prohibited forms of transaction as they all have riba (usury) associated with them. 6. Remove the diseases ( amraad ) of the heart Get rid off diseases such as nationalism, arrogance, backbiting, hatred, partisanship and showing off. Grouping the Muslims on hajj based upon tribalistic lines is clearly forbidden. The Messenger of Allah (saw) said, “He is not one of us who calls for `Asabiyyah, (nationalism/tribalism) or who fights for `Asabiyyah or who dies for `Asabiyyah.” [Abu Dawud] And in another hadith, the Messenger of Allah (saw) referring to nationalism, racism, and patriotism said: “Leave it, it is rotten.” [Muslim and Bukhari] 7. The funding for Hajj should be lawful ( halal ) Do not use money from riba (usury), gambling, alcohol sale or any other means of fasad (corruption). » « The Messenger (saw) said: fiVerily Allah is pure and accepts only what is purefl [Muslim] #2393 » « The Messenger (saw) said fithe halal (lawful) is clea r and the haram (unlawful) is clearfl [Bukhari] #52 And Allah (swt) says fiO you who believe! Fear Allah, and give up what re mains of your demand for usury, if ye are indeed believers.fl [EMQ 2:278] 8. Be careful of oppression ( zhulm ) Stop oppression such as to prevent your wife from going to hajj or not to leave enough provision for the wife is she is left behind. Even to leave the cat alone at home without making provisions for it is dhulm.
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www.islambase.tk 8THE PILLARS OF UMRAH AND HAJJ During Umrah and Hajj there are many re ligious acts carried out in order to fulfill the pilgrimage. Some of them are Pillars which are obligatory and some are recommended. It is important that you understand these and fulfill the pillars in order for it to be accepted. The Pillars of Umrah are three ( ): 1. Ihram () the Hajj clothes 2. Tawaf ( ) circumbulation of the Ka’bah 3. Sa™ee () going between Safaa and Marwah Any other action, such as praying two rakah behind Makam Ibrahim, drinking Zam-Zam water and trimming the hair are recommended (mandoub). The Pillars of Hajj are four ( ): 1. Ihram ( ) the Hajj clothes 2. Arafah ( ) standing in Arafah 3. Tawaf ( ) circumbulation of the Ka’bah 4. Sa™ee () going between Safaa and Marwah Any other action, such as praying two rakah behind Makam Ibrahim and drinking Zam-Zam water, stoning Jamrah, Qurbani (sacrifice) and shaving the hair are recommended (mandoub). There are three different ways to make Hajj 1. Hajj Al Ifrad ( ) Œ Solely Hajj without to make Umrah 2. Hajj Al Qiraan ( ) – Umrah and Hajj with no break in ihram 3. Hajj At Tamattu ( ) Œ Umrah and Hajj with a break in ihram Make sure you are clear in your intention. So say fiLabaykallah Umrahfl or say fiLabaykallah Hajj Tamattufl (if you are performi ng Hajj Tamattu). THE CONDITIONS OF THE PILGRIM Hajj becomes obligatory upon the one who fulfills the following conditions: 1. Al Islam () – To be Muslim 2. Al Aql () Œ To be sane 3. Al Balough () Œ To be mature (i.e. reach puberty) 4. Kamal Al Hurriyah ( ) Œ To have complete freedom i.e. is not a slave 5. Al Istataa™ah ( ) Œ To have capability. The capability is three: 1) Finance Œ to pay for travel and expenses, and have no debts 2) Health Œ to be able to perform all the rites of Hajj 3) Security Œ to be able to travel to and from without harm 6. Wajoub al Mahram ( ) Œ A woman must have a mahram with her when she goes Hajj If a Muslim fulfils all the above criteria, then he or she should not delay perfor ming the Hajj, rather it would be considered Qada (missed/owing).
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www.islambase.tk 9IHRAM Ihram () is an Arabic word that denotes a sacred state in which a Muslim must enter in order to perform Umrah or Hajj. The Ihram has two aspects: Zone (Miqat) and Clothes (Libas) IHRAM OF THE MIQAT () ZONE The Miqat is the place where every pilgrim must wear their ihram and make intention to perform Umrah or Hajj. The pilgrim must not pass this zone without ihram; otherwise they will have to pay fidyah (penalty). The Messenger (saw) specifically named the Mawaaqeet (zones) and for whom they are applicable. » « ] – [ The Messenger (saw) said fi (the Miqat) for the people of Madinah is Dhul Hulaifah, for the people of Sham is Al Jahfah, for the people of Najd is Qarn Al Manzil and for the people of Yemen is Yalamlam. [Bukhari Œ Chapter: Hajj] » ] « – [ The Messenger (saw) said fiFor the people of Iraq (their Miqat is) Dhaat ‚Irqfl [Nasai Œ Chapter: The Rites of Hajj] The Mawaaqeet (Zones) For Umrah And Hajj There are five zones: 1. Dhul Hulaifah ( ) is 450km to the north of Makkah and is the Miqat for the people of Madinah 2. Al Juhfah () is 187km north-west of Makkah; people also call it Rabigh, usually for people from Jeddah and also those coming from Syria, Jordan, Palestine and Lebanon. 3. Qarn Al Manazil ( ) is 94km to the east of Makkah overlooking Arafah and is the Miqat for the people of Najd. 4. Yalamlam () is 54km to the south of Makkah and is the Miqat for those coming from Yemen 5. Dhatu Iriq ( ) is 94km to the north-east of Makkah and is the Miqat for the people of Iraq. However today it has become common practice for the pilgrims to wear their ihram before reaching the Miqat and to make their intention once they reach the zone. If you travel to Hajj by plane, they will announce when to wear the ihram and make niyah (intention). Those pilgrims not flying will make ihram at the closet Miqat to them and those residing inside the zone i.e. (Makkah) will start from where they are. IHRAM OF THE LIBAS ( ) CLOTHES A person that is in the state of ihram is called muhrim (masculine) and muhrimah (feminine) THE HAJJ CLOTHING FOR MEN The Men™s clothes entail two helmless towels (colour white preferred) and slippers. 1. Ridaa™ (): is the towel used to cover the upper torso. 2. Izaar (): is the lower towel, sometimes this is clipped on by a belt or safety pin. It must cover between the navel and knees. 3. Ni™aal (): are the slippers, the straps should not cover majority of the feet. In ihram you cannot wear shoes of any form. The Messenger Muhammad (saw) said, filet some of you wear Ihram with the Izaar, Ridaa™ and Niaal.fl
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www.islambase.tk 10 The recommended acts before putting on the ihram It is recommended for the muhrim to clip his fingernails, trimming the moustache, shave off the hair from under the armpits, shave the pubic hair, make ablution or preferably taking a complete bath (ghusl), to comb their beard and hair. Ibn ‘Umar said: “It is Sunnah for a pilgrim to take a complete bath before entering the state of ihram or before entering Makkah.” This is reported by Al-Bazzar, Ad-Daraqutni, and Al-Hakim, who considers it a sound hadith. Perfume may be used on the body as well as the Hajj clothes initially, even if it continues to smell afterwards. Ibn ‘Abbas said: “Allah’s Messenger (saw) combed his hair, wore some perfume, put on his Hajj clothes, along with his Companions, and then he set out from Madinah accompanied by them” reported by Bukhari. Once in the state of Ihram do not put perfume or cover your head with anything such as a hat. THE HAJJ CLOTHING FOR WOMEN Women™s clothes entail Khimar and Jilbab, without Niqab or gloves. The Messenger Muhammad (saw) said: ‚women who make Ihram should not cover their face nor wear gloves™ The women may temporarily cover her face by her hand, or make sadlu which is to bring the khimar slightly over the face temporarily to shield the face from foreign men. If she keeps the covering on for longer than necessary she will have to pay fidya (penalty) for this. Women usually cover using the following: 1. Khimar: A head scarf which must cover up to the jabe (chest) 2. Jilbab: The outer garment which must be loose 3. Niqab: A face veil (NOT ALLOWED IN IHRAM) 4. Kinah: A mask from leather used a lot by the women from Kuwait and other Khaliji (Gulf) states (NOT ALLOWED IN IHRAM) There is no restriction for the woman regarding the colours she can wear. White is the best colour to wear at the time of Hajj, however for women they must take care to wear a dark tunic beneath it so that the sun will not shine through it and thus show off their form. The feet is considered awrah by the majority of the schools of thought (Hanafi do not accept this), so the women is allowed to wear socks and shoes whilst in ihram. CONDITIONS IMPOSED WHILST IN IHRAM What is permitted in Ihram? 1. Bathing and changing 2. Women to wear shoes 3. Cupping, opening abscess, pulling a tooth 4. Wearing a belt or ring 5. Wearing non-perfumed kohl to the eyes 6. Killing flies or harmful animals 7. Sitting under the shade of a umbrella, tree or even a tent What is prohibited in Ihram? 1. Sexual intercourse 2. Fighting or arguing 3. Wearing sewn clothes 4. Cutting the hair 5. Trimming the nails 6. Using perfumed soap 7. Wearing perfume 8. Wearing hats (men) 9. Getting engaged 10. Getting married 11. Hunting You must pay a penalty if you commit any of the acts prohibited in ihram, which will usually mean an extra sacrifice.
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